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0. G. CON-VERSE. APPARATUS FOR HEATING CARS OR OTHER VEHICLES.

No. 62,254. Patented Feb. 19, 1867.

- Vi Znemses.

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CHARLES o. CONVERSE. or BROOKLYN, Nlflll YORK. 7 A LcttcraPatcnt No. 62,254, dated February 19, 1867., I

APPARATUS ron HEATING CABS AND crass vsn cnss.

flit: some marsh tain the Estes haunt ant mating and at iln samrl TO ALL WIIOM IT MAY o'oncnnm i p Be it known that I, Q C. CONVERSE, of the city of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented a new and useful improvement in Heating and Warming Carl and other Vehicles; and I 1 do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof, which will cnable others shilledin the art to make andnsethe same, reference being had to thclaccompanying drawing, forming part of this spcciiication, in which- 1 p p p Figure 1 is a' cross-section of an' apparatus which illustrates my improvemcngthe plane of section being seen at xayfi' gs. 2 and 3. l l l A Figure 2 is a plan view. A A Figure 3 is a side view, the observer being supposed to stand on the right-hand side of fig. 1.

This invention consists in an improved mode of warming or heating railroad cars and other vehicles,

in which I use hot or warmwater as the medium for imparting warmth and heat. The invention is useful and suitable among other uses for warming or heating small or street cars, and in fig. 1 I have shown I a portion of a street car in red outline, inorder to illustrate how the investioamay be applied and used therein The letter A designates similar or receptacle for water, which is placed and arranged in any'snitable or convenient place in a car or other vehicle. It can be placed beneatlxthe seat on eithcrsidc incars whose seats T are placed along the sides, as in ordinary street railroad cars, or there may be a scparate-boilerj or water receptacle under each seat, in which latter case the receptacles may be connected toieach othcrkby water "and steam pipes, and may have a common condensing chamber. In ordinary road or highway vehicles thc water receptacle or receptacles may bcplaced either under the floor or under one or morc seats. la -this illustration .I'havc constructed and arranged tho boilcr or water receptacle so as tebo placcdnnder unison I of a car (the outline in red being that ofa car which has its seats arranged parallel withand against the sides) 1 along the middle of its width. The said boiler or receptacle may extend the wholo lcngth of a car,or from: axle to axle, according to circumstances, the length and disposition or arrangement of the boiler being varied to suit variations In size and construction of the car or vehicle in which it is-used.' The said boiler ou'itsnnder side has a depression or well, A, one 'orm'ore, which issurrounded by a furnace, G, in which are placed lamps of gas-burners, or'othcr devices for prbcnringhcat byburning oil or gas or other fuel. The sides of the well and of the furnace are separated by a space, C,'sccn in the sectional view. The letters DD designate chimneys or firms for conducting :iway the products of combustion said flues ascend fromthe top of the furnace (m1 at opposite ends 'of the well A, and pass'through the-boiler either in direct or circuitous courses, as may he preferred by themaker, thence going through the sides of the boiler to any proper place ontside of, the car, 1, where they can discharge such products oi combustion. They may. be made to terminate in the wheel-boxes, or in any one of them, in which case the activity-hf the, draught through the fines will be promoted. Fromjany convenient place in the boiler proceeds a steam pipc ,E,-' which discharges into a steam-condensing chamber, 1 f

whose position may be-undcr one of the oats ofthecar or vehicle, or elsewhere. Such chamber may bc formed i in the sides of the car or vehicle by making such sides hollow or doublc, and suchan arrangement will economizc space, and also pr'omotr the warming of thecar'ier vehicle. If the chambcrlfl is made independent of-th c j frame or body of the car or vehicle, as is here shownfithei'c may be one or more on each side of'a car, underthe seats or elsewhere, so as to accomplish the greatest possible distribution of heat. The oilicc of the steam condcnsingchambcr 13,-is to relicvel he boiler of steam generated within it so as to keep thcprcsstire at}; 10.)? 1 A degree, and to condense such steam, and 'to extend and increase the heating and radiating surface of the, appa ra tus, The water 0? condensation can be returried to the boiler'through the' pipc E, and the supply of water he thereby cconomizcd andthclahor'ot' attendance bc consequently lessened. The condensing chambr B has a-safct'y-valve opening, F, in i tstop, whichmay be coverjad with fine wire gauze, or he fitted with an ordinary aalve or aweightcd safety-valve, as may be found advisable l The air required to support combustion in the furnace is obtained by perforating the sides 'or bottom of the furnaci When the boiler or water receptaclef is beneath the iloor of a car or vehicle, such floor may have perforations or a grating in itto allow the heated air to ascend into the car or vehicle, or comc iig. contfict with any covering placed over the grating, by warming;

which covering the fest oi the passengers will be protected from cold. The boiler is to be provided ivith the usual or necessary pipe openings, and pipes and faucets for supplying and discharging water; but I have not shown or described them, because their construction is within the skill of those acquaintcd'nith the art'to which this invention belongs. I I 1 In operating the apparatus I supply suflicient water to fill the well A and coverthe .bottom of the boiler to a suitable depth. When the water in the well becomes heated, 'a circulation ensues in the whole volume of water inthe boiler, and this circulation is assisted by the agitation that follows or arises from the movements of the car or vehicle, so that the whole boiler ivill be warmed by means ofa comparatively small quantity oi hot water, it being desirable to accomplish the warming of the ear or vehicle with a small quantity of water, so as to avoid the addition of much weight to such car or vehicle. The steam and vapor that rise from the water escape into the steam-condensing chamber, where they are condensed, that chamber being'purposely placed out of the way of the direct action of theheat from the furnace. The chimneys or fines maybe provided with dampers, if found desirable. The boiler and oth parts of the apparatus may be varied in shape and in the mode of arrangement to suit the shape and other circumstances of the car or vehicle. In order to avoidiujury to the boiler, and also to avoid sudden shocks tothe car or vehicle by sudden starting orstopping, I make the lines of the boiler curved in all directions, and cause its ends to diminish and flatten, as shown in the drawing.

Having thus described niyinvention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-- 1. Heating cars and vehicles by heat derived from hot water, substantially as described.

2.- I also claim the boiler A, constructed substantially as described, with a well, A, extending downwards from its bottom into an enclosing furnace I I 3. I also claim the combination of boiler A, furnace G, steam-condensing chamber B, and pipe E, arranged substantially as shown, for heating cars and vehicles by means of hot water.

' 4; I also claim the use of a boiler or water receptacle in heating cars and vehicles, whose ends are flattened substantially as shown.

The above specification signed by me this 5th day of November, 1866. v

- CHARLES CROZAT CONVERSE.

Witnesses:

J. Vm Smrvoosn, Gnomes Wss'rmenousn, Jr. 

